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There party to introduce the pretty is need for change and variety, red head, Paricia Blair, who in but there are limitations. Ambassador Andrzej Kurnicki delivered remarks and Canadian and Polish musicians took part in a concert. Kinnamon jumped. Francis Blvd. The value of peaceful relations in the Middle East cannot be overstated.
Diplomat & International Canada – Spring by – Issuu.
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Vemt [1] map: Image:South america. Davey — This file has been extracted from another file: Xerxes detail three types of Sakas. Calame assumed based on copyright claims. Post-classical era — A. The Abbasid Caliphate begins in the Islamic world A. Cora Woodard, of Lowell, Mass , were guests of Mr. D ! Hammer Recent guests of Mrs. Carl De-: returned home after visiting Sherri of Lcnnoxville, Mr. Wilfred Grapes and son. Norman Davis, E. Angus] Mr. Smith were: Mr. Mel- Smith, Mr. Morin and Mr. Irving Willard.
Miss Morin, Thetford Mines; Mr. Ronald Westman Miss M. Thomson, of Outre-Mr. Walter Cooper, Montreal; accompanied by Mrs. William mont, and Miss A.
Henderson, Mr. Hazel Beat- motored to Axson, Ga. Stewart Smith, ac-iMrs. Clyde Vining. Angus Smith, spent some time in Scotstown visiting relatives. Recent guests of Mr.
Come and see these and many other feature attractions at the Richmond Fair. Hard Top, fully equipped. Tuesday to Saturday 9 P. Music tor your listening and dancing pleasure. Nrtn Sherbrooke Hotel Dancing to 1. Bar open to 2. Backdrop for. Left, Armand Jeanson as an interpreter; right, of Sherbrooke, where he coined Andre Leblond as the Abenaki chief who first encountered Fron- the phrase which has become tenac in Peter James 2 ; Louis, 2 ; linn opera in Milan for two years.
Back in Canada in he performed regularly on tclevi-sion and radio and in opera. He made a si- program. Most of the young musicians who have attended the [J. Musical Camp during jthe past three weeks will taki j part in performances by the choir and orchestra. The public is cordially invit ed to attend. When veiling about 85 miles an hour students write on more than six and was stopped by police af- optional subjects, the six high- ; ter he turned into his driveway,! Lennoxville man receives award propose to attend the Universi [ties should present their High 01 [School Leaving certificates to If -the Registrars of the Universi- Rjfgja [ties which they plan to attend.
Candidates for supple- A year-old Lennoxville man mental examinations must pre-was singularly honoured Wed- viQUsly have passed in a suffi. Society of papers tbey Wjsb to write, the British Empire for his work t0 receive certificates. No candi-m teaching, swimming and life ;date whether successful in saving.
Second Hand Store with a little bit of everything! June or not will be permitted to sit for more than three sup plemental papers in two subjects. Application for supplemental examinations of all candidaies of schools in the Lennoxville area will apply to Mr. Rothney, P. Box , Lennoxville, P. The project of the bells, un dertaken some two years ago by the congregation is a memorial to deceased members. Much credit is due to the Memorial Committee of St.
The minister. The concert will close with Mr. Born in Matane, Quebec, Mr. Rouleau began his vocal training at the age of seventeen at the Provincial Conservatory of Music in Montreal from which he graduated four years later.
After having won many prizes and scholarships Mr. Rouleau made an extensive concert tour for Jeunesses Musicales of Canada in He next received a Quebec government scholarship to study singing and Ita-; will also be dedicated.
The latter is a memorial to the late E. Messenger and is presented by his family. Protestant Section. Above, Mrs. Claude ment Buildings. Quebec City. Young and Lari Beliveau get to know petite Heather Meisner. Marcel Pellerin, M. FRIDAY, AUGUST 3, Joint action to protect health The emotionalism w-hich has gripped the country over the thalidomide tragedy will not make the victims of the drug whole nor will it comfort their parents; it will not encourage the constructive thinking which is so badly needed nor will it help authorities find answers to the pressing questions of what can be done for the children and how a like disastei can be avoided in future.
The federal government has taken upon itself the task of attempting to work out a solution to the first question by appealing to the provinces for support, in assisting those affected by the drug.
Aside from their deformities, many ot these children are normal and, with medical help, could be trained to be productive members of society. A case in point is Pierre, a six-month-old boy who is being cared for at the Cecil Butters Memorial Hospital al Austin in the Townships.
The supervisor of ihe home noted that the child behaves like any normal child his age although he has no hands or feet. Some medical experts have talked ot equipping the youngsters with artifical limbs when they grow older. The question of introducing adequate controls to prevent the reoccurrence of?
Along with these innovations, the government will no doubt give some thought to increasing its staff of inspectors. Morrell, head of the federal food and drug directorate, has said that the staff of inspectors would have to be three times as large to do as fully effective job of analysing and testing drugs. The pharmaceutical industry wifi now be forced to conduct even closer checks on its new discoveries, although it has turned out hundreds of useful and lifesaving drugs without any tragic consequences.
Public men must Recommendations of the Salvas Royal Commission investigating the sale of the Montreal gas distribution system that legislation be passed assuring that Quebec lawmakers never have to choose between their own interest and their public duty have one important weakness, they would be only as effective as the individual lawmaker wished them to be.
Otherwise it would be possible for any cabinet minister or senior public servant to declare that he did not realize that the company in which he held stock had any dealings with the government or some of its agencies. And in many cases his defence could be justified. Modern companies engage in so many lines of activity today and the government itself operates to many lines of busi-? Thus a man with corporate investments stands to benefit to a greater or less extent from such transactions.
As admitted by the Royal Commission, the extent of this profit is secondary. The criticism arises out of the fact the individual placed himself in a position whereby interests conflicted. Basically, the responsibility lies with the individual concerned. Cabinet ministers, legislators and civil servants when assuming their posts take an oath they will not use their office for personal gain.
There is no qualification in the oath respecting whether the transaction might be in the public interest. Unless the individual office holder is prepared to face up to the responsibilities he assumes when filling a. For the matter of that it would be difficult if not impossible, to rid the English dictionary of French Words that long since crept into every-day English usage We use far more words of foreign origin than we realize, words that have become English but.
To keep pay. That is not the only way of doing it. Mr Lapalme said that one purpose of the minister he heads, established last year, is to purify the French language in Quebec. These changes would take some of tire fire out from under the agriculture boiler. Christian Science Monitor Hercules within the last 60 years At least a million of them, according to Mr, Lapalme, belong to French language groups of a religious, economic or patriotic nature.
To some it would seem questionable whether a department of the Quebec Government should concern itself with preferring the’French language arid culture of’American citizens.
Peter Andrew, 2 ; Ricnard Edward. Dianne Marilyn, Soutiere. Janet Dale. Elizabeth Patricia. Robinson, Elizabeth Bernice. Jo-Ann, i3 Weston. Gcorcc Enirrsor. Susan Maria, 2 Brian Arthur, 3 : Molson. Woolsey, Heather Sheila. Margaret Ann. Brenda Mary, 2 ; Taylor.
Kenneth Robert, 2 ; Young, Peter John. Catherine Gail, 31 Beaton. Mjrna Margaret, 3 iMorrison. Joy Elizabeth. Linda Mary, 31; Nut-brown. Mary Lou. Lome Arthur. Helen, 21; Lundeen David. Barry Leonard William. John Brock. Laurel Gertrude, 3′; Henderson. Judith Brenda. Sandra Lee. Alice Eva. Paquette Dies at 67 in hospital A funeral service was held at- St. Patrick’s Church July 31 for a well-known Sherbrooke businessman. Born in Paqucttcvillc Quebec, November 8.
Jack Grime took place very quietly on Wednesday, August 1st. Williams officiated. This ruggedly built automobile has » number of revolutionary new mechanical features that make it the most main- Park-school projects approved by aldermen key, Carol June. New Hampshire Amer Tel where he worked as a contractor. In he went to Bury where he met his wife, the form er Mildred Lavalliere.
Cons Disc Dorn. Chrysler Comm. Solvents were married in Man-icons F. Hicks, Margaret Somerville. Linda Grace, Little, Sandra Joyce. Patricia Ann. Carol Edna. Ward began his own contracting N 5′ Central business. Donnai and by E. All this merchandise must be cleared to make room for renovations now in progress! Emile tween the school commission o Beecher Falls.
Leon, of t and the city. The commission brook. New Hampshire; Ad-gives up Geraldine Shirlev. The deal will not be closed,iCemeterv. Deanna Joyce, 2 ; Gorham, Ro-! Rowland David. Keir was the for-! Diane Betty, 3 ; Kir- The group spent a delightful medicare hy, Denis Neil, 2 ; Lofthouse, time renewing old acquain Rosemary Winifred, 2 : Mitch- tances and reminiscing about1 ell, James Grant, 2 ; Newton, days gone by.
The visitors pre ; Roslyn Diane. Isented the bride and groom oft Dawn Sharron, 2 ; Reynolds,[the golden years with a painting James Arnold.
Allen, 2 ; Schachter, Sandra; where they were married. Shelly the anniversary cake being Susan, 3 Swan, Robert An-!
Margaret, 3. Acceptance Int. Nickel Int. Neal Moulton Baird, brother of Julia Mrs. Sam Lan’4 B raster , and the late Joseph Baird, in his 68th year. Visiting hours 2 to 5 p. August 5th at 12 30 P m. Interment m Maple Grove Cemetery, Mo! Trading was moderate under ajoniy cod ran ever fin.
Reactions The boycott, brought to a head vanp j C. Dorothy Gail. Blaine Dunforri. It receivedl pjp described his fears as royal assent at p. Thurs-[greater than what ho experi- jday, prior to prorogation in the[PnPPd when he was employed House.
Receipts this week were: 1,-‘ i caltic. Choice steers were Good heifers sold at Good vcalrrs were , me Palmer. Triad has offered tojdium 20 – 25, common , pay an amount, equivalent toigrassers and drinkers Nor has he wandered far. And left ihe door ejar. Thatcher said the amendments! Dec, 7, Leo L. Shel ‘ The amendments permit doc- ey, 33, a commission attorney tors to practise privately out- bills was 5. Grade A hogs were with some at. Sows were 21 with most at 10 21 and Guests of Mrs.
Wark at a family dinner included: Mr. Robb, Jos. Waltei Morrison. Healy was a one [pared with Ihe same month a j colored 32M. For the seven months. Potatoes: Que new 75s 2. Danville, accompanied by their!
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Your thoughtfulneas will always be remembered. Wilson and son, the nurses on the 3rd floor of the B M. Minimum charge, Poetrj 25 cents a line extra.
Three consecutive insertions, 3rd day half charge. Six consecutive insertions, 25so off. Saturday for Monday. Phone LO. Ross-Biron Electric Ltd. Tel LO or King St. PAIR of budgies, green and blue, with cage and nest. Bolton Center. Sherbrooke Dally Record Box Andrew, 4 Pine Trailer Park. Jabalce, Four Pines Trailer Court. Academy St. Ideal family home. Maple Ave. Quiet location. Park Ave. New oil heating system. Priced to sell. Ideal retirement home. Ideal location.
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Full insurance coverage, experienced instructors. Late model car, home pick up Sherbrooke, Magog, North Hatley and surrounding districts. Hatley, VI. AL: Yes, one man was shot in August in Brest. He had five children. So his wife is now alone. And in the trial, there were witnesses, the soldiers.
And these guys on the streets were not in the military uniforms. The orders came from the de Belarusian officials have cracked down on pro-democracy protests to the point where anyone showing the white and red colours of the revolution can be fined or jailed. So far, 36, Belarusians have been arrested and penalized, according to the Belarusian Canadian Alliance.
Is there really rape and murder and torture? AL: Yes, and we have a lot of witnesses. I think the Where are they? Those are the main places now. Some people fled to Russia, but there have been a couple of cases where Russian authorities deported Belarusian activists.
DM: What do you expect from the new. Biden administration? If the U. DM: It has a reputation for that, but have. Also, Belarus was relatively quiet and stable until AL: He is one of the worst. There were no measures. I think Belarus was the only country in Europe where there was no lockdown, ever. There were no mask requirements, there was nothing in place and there were mass gatherings with no restrictions, full steam ahead. The rationale was that [lockdowns] would do economic damage.
DM: If you were an adviser to opposition. AL: She and her office are doing a good job of co-ordinating all the politicians and delivering news and [making requests for help from] people and political leaders. Sending regular army on the streets to deal with protests is forbidden because the army is strictly for dealing with external enemies. But they admitted that and still nothing happened. There was no action. Actually, the person who was a friend of [the man who was shot], who was the witness of this, he was sentenced to 10 years in jail.
But nothing was done [to] those soldiers and the military commanders who actually did that. And I think the other big case was the death of Roman Bondarenko, who was beaten to death. He died within 24 hours. He was captured in his car and then brought to police and he was dead next day in the hospital.
And so [the doctor] was jailed. And then the journalist who was reporting on this was also jailed. They both were sentenced. Diasporas can also create awareness. Many diasporas. AL: In the U. I know similar consultations were done in the U. There, the diaspora spoke to senators, and they pushed for approval of this bill on democracy dollars that happened late last year. And this kind of political action is happening pretty much in every country. I think there is a little bit of centralized support, because the asks, at least, are co-ordinated.
We always ask for tougher sanctions, for international criminal prosecution of all the violence and all cases of killing and torture, and also call them to influence the new election. So, [we ask them] to mediate the conflict and insist that new elections should be held. You have to bring vitamins and fruits, because the food is terrible.
Opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya is leading the resistance. We collect money and buy food and necessities for people and families. The situation is now pretty dire in Belarus. Many men, for example, have been arrested and their wives. And I would also ask him to, as much as possible, work with Canadian embassies in the European countries around Belarus, such as the Baltic states, Poland and Ukraine, to deliver direct help for people who are fleeing.
I know Canada has done a great job of accepting refugees from different crisis zones before, but now, with COVID, we cannot. So if you cannot bring them to Canada, at least please help those countries that are taking the heat and do something for those people. Lucking, a mother of four, lived in Eastern Ontario. Finding funds for a school on the other Nonetheless, she began. Through the fall of , Lucking established a charity based in Cornwall, Ont.
Not long after she got back to Canada, she sent a message: She had the money, the locals could start baking the bricks to make the school. In the autumn of , she watched proudly as the first 65 students filed into the school. Much of its work now targets community issues that affect the students.
The first reality is food. Fitiavana, her name carefully embroidered on her frayed uniform by her mother, is proud to be a student. Grade 1 students who are part of the Madagascar School Project imitate animal walks in class.
This year, students are attending Tenaquip School. From there, it was a logical step to provide high-protein porridge to area infants once a day, to ensure they would develop sufficiently to be the next generation of students. Deforestation has devastated Madagascar, so the school is keenly planting trees whose fruit adds to the school meals.
Gardens around the school produce vegetables for the students. They needed staff. That was the second reality: To grow and sustain the school, they needed a cadre of local educators.
Lucking and her colleagues have since been obsessed with recruiting and training. Progress has been astounding. This year, students settle into their classes every day, supervised by 43 teachers and 35 other staff, including cooks and gardeners. About 40 students come early for breakfast and everyone eats at lunchtime.
Students come to the school from 18 different villages in the Ambohiborosy region, some walking 90 minutes each way even in the rainy season. Families move into the community simply to allow their children to attend the school. Regular doctor and ophthalmologist visits have helped alleviate chronic health problems. The project has provided eyeglasses and has sponsored dozens of people to get more serious medical help, even sending one child to Nairobi for facial reconstruction surgery.
MSP is building a medical clinic and looking for dental equipment too. One, Carolyn Tropea, is amazed at the changing attitudes. This is the third reality: young minds can open to possibilities. Lots of laughing. They love school. In fact, every third job in Sweden relies on its trade with the rest of the world.
Canada is an important and like-minded partner to Sweden, not only in our common pursuit of free, inclusive and fair trade. Canada is also an important partner in promoting democracy and showcasing the success of liberal market economies, not only to our own citizens, but also to the rest of the world. Speaking of citizens, you may not know that in Canada made Swedish citizen, humanitarian and diplomat Raoul Wallenberg its very first honorary citizen.
Canada and Sweden have much in common: similar cultures and values, including the love of hockey; resource-based economies; stable and supportive political environments with a feminist foreign policy; world-leading academia and extremely advanced innovation ecosystems that together represent opportunities to work even closer together and advance solutions in a number of industry segments that could scale globally.
In parallel, Sweden and Canada recently joined forces in discussing the important topic of attracting more women to the mining industry and also held a ministerial roundtable event featuring extraordinary Canadian and Swedish women entrepreneurs.
In the spirit of Alfred Nobel and his famous prizes, the links between innovation, academic research and entrepreneurship are strong in Sweden. There are approximately Swedish subsidiaries in Canada and even more Swedish brands represented through distributors. The top export products include medicine and pharmaceuticals, vehicles, alcoholic beverages, iron and steel as well as metal products. As part of the green recovery, there are many interesting opportunities for Canadian companies in Sweden.
With a strong industrial base and an innovative digital economy, Sweden offers an excellent place for testing, optimizing and commercializing smart industry solutions for global tech companies and startups alike. In the area of smart and sustainable transportation, my country has a goal of zero-carbon vehicles by , making Sweden a natural choice for green vehicle development.
The area is of great interest to international tech firms due to the large amounts of available clean energy, coupled with a cool climate and a highly skilled workforce. With the battery manufacturing comes the increasing need for critical minerals and rare earth metals.
Sweden has large deposits not only of base metals such as copper, zinc and iron, but also of cobalt, lithium and graphite. Discoveries of yttrium, terbium and cerium, all required for high-tech products, have also been made in Sweden. The mining industry is one of the most advanced in the world, leading the way in sustainable practices and meeting the strictest environmental regulations.
Moving towards a circular and biobased economy is a critical step on the road to a fossil-free society and sustainable utilization of natural resources.
The Swedish forest industry is transforming from bulk orientation to high value-added bio-based materials. A number of innovative companies are using Swedish wood to develop new bio-based materials for barrier films, chemicals, carbon fibre and other applications with industry-changing potential.
Swedish research institutions and companies are open to collaboration with international companies in the area of advanced biomaterials research.
Opportunities also exist to acquire or work with startups in the bioenergy and biochemical research and business fields. Do not hesitate to contact the embassy if we can assist you. Reach him at sweden. The Greek economy was no exception.
A swift and effective handling of the situation was mandatory to safeguard the trends of recovery after a long-lasting economic crisis in the country and to empower the national economy in spite of the instability caused by the pandemic. The government proceeded with targeted fiscal and liquidity measures and a series of reforms to create a solid basis for an overall recovery. In addition, the institutional framework for corporate governance has been modernized, the asset development plan has been boosted, plans to address long-standing weaknesses of certain state-owned enterprises have been put into action.
Good progress was also being recorded in key policy areas, such as public administration, digital governance, justice, energy, labour, health and fiscal policy. Meanwhile, Canada, with which we share excellent bilateral relations, is a longstanding ally and friend of Greece. Canada has been home to hundreds of thousands of Greeks for many generations and Canadian tourists always have been welcomed to Greece and we hope to see them soon again in my country.
Synergies between universities and bilateral and multilateral agreements are already in place. Given that, I believe the full potential of economic diplomat and international canada.
More particularly, Canada is already one of the most important investors in Greece and there are promising trends in our bilateral trade as well. Overall, trade increased by 3. The main Greek products exported to Canada are prepared foodstuffs, beverages and spirits, plastering material, lime and cement, mineral fuels, oils and products of distillation, bituminous subs and mineral waxes, base metals and articles of base metal, live animals and animal products and vegetable products.
The main Canadian products exported to Greece are base metals, namely aluminum and copper, edible vegetables and roots, oil seeds, oleaginous fruits such as nuts , grains and seeds, paper or paperboard, machinery and mechanical appliances, pharmaceutical and miscellaneous chemical products. Our own national recovery and resilience plan foresees public investments through private-public partnerships, energy-efficiency projects in the public sector, as well as eligible private investments through co-financing and using financial instruments to leverage additional private resources.
The Greek economy needs to show a new dynamic in restructuring and upgrading its competitiveness. We certainly advertise to Canada that Greece is presenting a steady fiscal, legal and entrepreneurial environment ideal. The concurrence of our bilateral interests in the above creates clear opportunities for both parties, with tailored co-operation. Our common priorities on innovation, green economy, digital transformation and a focus on infrastructure planning are indicative of what may be achieved in the years to come.
Look at the Pfizer example; they set up a big data centre in Thessaloniki. In year , Greece is celebrating years since the beginning of the Greek Revolution. We are adamant that independence, courage and democratic values may serve humanity, forge the various aspects of co-operation between countries and nations and build upon a prosperous future for all.
Konstantina Athanassiadou is the ambassador of Greece to Canada. Reach her at sec-gremb. The value of the Abraham Accords and Jordan have of investments in the Emirates coupled withstood the test with Israeli innovations will create countFIR of time and are less opportunities for economic co-operaoneta rm Se integral to stabil- tion.
The ready gained momentum. Americans and These agreements have transformed the study or conduct business in Israel. Now Israelis are united by their shared values Sinai and Jordan River borders into peace- local chefs in Dubai are preparing kosher and commitment to democracy, peace ful areas and have allowed us to focus on Emirati cuisine and Jewish-Emirati dishes and security.
The American administraother security concerns, such as Hamas in to feed Israeli tourists when they visit the tion under the leadership of then-presiGaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon. These examples demonstrate the dent Donald Trump fostered unparalleled The Abraham Accords established the economic and cultural co-operation posopportunities for Israel. By moving its foundation for a warm peace that centres sible between Israel and Arab states.
This type of collabora- conducive to creating a broader front U. Strong co-operation with modthe normalization of relations between and UAE financial capabilities has the erate Arab states is crucial in containing Israel and several Arab states.
The power suring it does not fulfil its bellicose nuclear assumption was that peace with the Palestinians would precede peace with the rest of the Arab world. This put Palestinians in a position to negatively impact, to some extent, the nature of Israeli-Arab relations. The Abraham Accords created a paradigm shift by turning this assumption on its head. Soon enough, Sudan and Morocco followed suit.
The value of peaceful relations in the Middle East cannot be overstated. The sight of the three leaders signing the Abraham Accords is reminiscent of Israeli leaders shaking hands with their Egyptian and Jordanian counterparts when peace with these countries was established. It is no wonder, therefore, that Iran understands the potential of cooperation and has been condemning these accords.
In this context, it is important to mention the U. The deal was condemned by Israel and some Arab states and by withdrawing, the U. The Middle East is undergoing a positive change. By signing the Abraham Accords, Arab countries have affirmed their desire to move forward with relations with Israel. These countries are signalling that they have grown weary of Palestinian intransigence and refusal to negotiate with Israel in good faith.
The accords have begun a new era of Arab-Israeli relations and co-operation. Let us hope that more countries in the region will follow the courageous leadership of the Arab states and see the value of tight and friendly relations with Israel. We are thankful to our American ally for its work in facilitating the accords and challenging past foreign policy.
These new alliances and friendships forged by the Abraham Accords will undoubtedly offer new opportunities not only for Israel, but also for its long-time and historic allies, including Canada. Former U. In doing so, the U. Shown here is a tomato nursery and greenhouse in Harmelen. By Wolfgang Depner.
They sought to challenge the prevailing mercantilism, favouring high tariffs, subsidies and physical gold supplies as the ultimate measures of wealth of the period.
To appreciate the awesome productivity of American agriculture, consider the following numbers: American farms contributed about 0. And yet, the United States led the world in the export of food and agricultural The U. American farms contributed about 0. This farm is in Illinois. True, the first two numbers farm contributions to GDP and direct employment downplay, even hide, the broader contributions of agriculture to the American economy-at-large. Full- and part-time jobs in the agricultural and food sectors totalled These figures also draw atten-.
Chinese food purchases have since gone up again, but remain below previous levels, where they may remain for some time. Since , more than four billion people in more than countries have received food assistance through formal American aid, a practice dating back to , when Herbert Hoover — not yet president of the United States — organized a famine-relief campaign that saved 20 million from starvation in the former Soviet Union.
A distant echo of this American aid campaign appeared during the Cold War when the former Soviet Union procured — many say stole — vast quantities of grain from the U. In fact, physiocracy considered agriculture the roots of a state, as if it were a tree, with the population its trunk, and arts and commerce its leaves. This analogy points to the central argument of physiocracy: The wealth of any nation lies in its land and what grows from it.
Physiocracy lost its influence in the s, but endeared itself to one prominent thinker of the period: Adam Smith. It is easy to dismiss physiocracy by virtue of the fact that it emerged during a period when agriculture was the primary source of employment and income. But its endorsement of free trade gives it relevance.
Physiocracy also draws our attention to the value of agriculture. It supplies nourishment — and then some — in that it mirrors prevailing property relations, the state of the environment and political relations. In short, what lies on our plates or not, in the case of hundreds of millions is far from a mere personal choice. As humanity prepares to feed its expected 10 billion members by , in the face of anthropogenic climate change, Diplomat takes a look at two related categories: the five largest exporters of agricultural and food products as measured by their annual value in , all figures U.
This Great Grain Robbery of caused havoc on global markets and preceded the partial grain embargo that the U. It was a move many have blamed for the decline of U. This development has not been without benefits, as scale has brought down costs. The share of disposable income spent on food has been dropping from 17 per cent in to just under 10 per cent in Whether American farmers can ensure their own survival is another question.
But these excellent starting conditions tell only part of the story. German retaliation for a Dutch railway strike in the fall, designed to assist the advancing Allies, severely disrupted food transportation. This disruption, coupled with local hoarding and a cold winter, caused food shortages in major urban areas, with 20, dying of starvation. Millions more suffered long-term effects. Wageningen University in the Netherlands may be the best agricultural university in the world.
It is focused on developing high value-added products for export. This famine, which Canadian troops helped alleviate with 1, tonnes of food, inspired far-ranging efforts to increase agricultural production. First, they moved to large-scale mechanized farming, generously subsidized. Scientists in the Netherlands are currently working on a number of ideas that could help square the circle of raising agricultural output without further straining the natural environment in the face of climate change.
They include autonomous greenhouses based on artificial intelligence, vertical farming techniques that lower the use of pesticides and water, and robots programmed to harvest or spray a drop of herbicide at the right time.
In , a dairy cow farm opened in Rotterdam, where three robots outnumber the two humans looking after the animals, with other cities around the world paying attention to the concept. This level of innovation responds to necessity as Ad van Adrichem, managing director at Duijvestijn Tomatoes, told the World Economic Forum. And that competition drives innovation and technology.
That includes excessive levels of nitrogen, partially. Comparing China with its main global rival — the United States — Wendong Zhang of Iowa State University of Science and Technology has argued that key differences separate the countries.
Far more Chinese — by one account, 33 per cent of the population or more than the entire population of the U. But China has less than half the arable land available for farming compared to the United States and 7 per cent of all arable land in the world. Zhang also finds that the Chinese By way of background, a white paper established a 95 per cent self-sufficiency target for grains, including rice, wheat and corn, goals that have become increasingly ambitious over time. Political statements and policy decisions point to this agenda.
Within this context, the government is drafting a food security plan, improving grain security measures, increasing domestic capabilities and diversifying sources of agricultural imports, according to an analysis by the Congressional Research Service. The country is also positioning itself as a major player in research and development of agricultural technology. Pork and Porsches. This duality becomes especially apparent when considering German exports to China.
A full 40 per cent of German pork goes abroad. Shown here are young pigs on an organic farm in Dresden. Shown here are tea harvesters in Muyu Town in Hubei province. The embargo upset global markets generally and German producers specifically. During the first five months of , China alone absorbed 30 per cent of all German exports and the Chinese pork ban upset an industry already rocked by the COVID pandemic.
While this un-. These facts are not new, but the large COVID outbreaks that flared up in those accommodations sparked public outrage and some sensible, albeit incomplete, reforms. Others coolly retort that he only delivers what the people want: affordable meat. Facing pressure from larger discounters and tight profit margins, small- to medium-sized farmers have gone for volume, a development that has drawn the ire of animal rights supporters and environmentalists concerned about the ethics and ecological effects of such economics.
Farmers, for their part, resent being exploited while being held responsible for environmental problems. These points highlight another duality. Some Germans will only consume the best; everyone else will have to settle for the wurst. According to the paper, two thirds of cleared land in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes has been converted to cattle pasture, thereby making the Brazilian cattle sector responsible for one fifth of all emissions from commodity-driven deforestation across the entire tropics.
These facts on the ground and balance sheets respond to signals from the coun-. Brazilian authorities, starting with Bolsonaro, have responded to these charges with appeals to patriotism, indignation. Brazil was the second-largest producer of beef, behind the United States, in and the largest global exporter, exporting approximately one-fifth of its production.
Brazil was the second-largest producer of beef behind the United States in , and the largest global exporter, exporting approximately one fifth of its production. As such, Salles was only following his boss, President Jair Bolsonaro, who assumed office in January in part on the promise of allowing more mining, logging and agriculture in the Amazon. This tropical archipelago of four islands in the Indian Ocean, located at equal distance between Madagascar and the African continent, captures many of the complexities that confront poor nations looking to feed themselves.
Food imports added up to Areas under production also suffer from lack of modern farm-management methods. These issues compound increasingly irreversible natural realities in the face of climate change. Prolonged periods of drought during the dry season, the emergence of new pests and the acidification of oceans caused by climate change also loom. A FAO report finds that under-nourishment affects 65 per cent of the population. The high-level donor conference for Yemen hosted by the United Nations along with the governments of Sweden and Switzerland on March 1, , was in many ways depressingly familiar.
Officials, starting with United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres and David Beasley, executive director of the World Food Programme WFP , used stark, even severe language to press home the point that millions of Yemenis face the prospect of starving, unless governments step up with additional support. According to UN figures, more than 16 million Yemenis about half of the population will face hunger this year as the proxy war in Yemen between Saudi Arabia, backing a multinational coalition of Sunni Islamic countries, and Shia Iranbacking local Houthis has entered its sixth year.
Nearly 50, are already starving to death in famine-like conditions and another , children under the age of five could die from acute malnutrition.
Comoros, in other words, earns international currency through a handful of cash crops, then spends a significant share of it on food from abroad to feed its population of just under , True, several factors stack against Comoros. As with neighbouring Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Reunion, Comoros appears distant from foreign markets, has a limited natural resource base for local food production and experiences climatic volatility, as evident in April when Tropical Cyclone Kenneth caused some parts of the country to lose up to 80 per cent of agricultural capabilities.
These factors have made domestic food production a costly, unpredictable undertaking. Comoros produces and exports vanilla, ylang ylang flower extracts and cloves, but spends the proceeds from those to feed its population with imports from abroad. According to World Bank figures, food accounted for The war has meant the strategic blocking, by both sides, of ports receiving foreign aid, which has worsened these conditions.
This former French colony in West Africa demonstrates par excellence the many paradoxes that increasingly define the food situation in Africa. Programme WFP. And yet, in , food accounted for The country also frequently loses crops and livestock through climate shocks and floods, as was the case in , when Benin was perhaps the hardest-hit by flooding caused by heavy rains in the region.
The floods destroyed or damaged an estimated 10, homes and impacted almost , people, while killing dozens. The country also experienced notable flooding in , and with scientists warning of more frequent and severe flooding through the West African coastal area and its extensive network of rivers running through the multinational region.
These environmental effects have unfolded against steadily rising food prices that have forced families to cut the quantity and quality of food consumption, factors exacerbating food insecurity and malnutrition, according to the WFP, which finds that 9.
Yet this existential scarcity coexists with. Obesity among females reached Obesity among males is lower 4. Reasons for this development include urbanization, cultural factors and rising middle-class wealth, but also the import of cheap, processed food from the developed world. In spite of being one of the poorest, most densely populated countries on the African continent, Starting from its kilometre-long Atlantic shoreline, this sliver of a state meanders along the Gambia River kilometres deep into surrounding Senegal, with the river dividing the country into two narrow slices.
One of the poorest, most densely populated countries on the African continent, with a population of 2. Factors have included lack of infrastructure, rising prices in the face of declining revenues from the sales of cash crops, changing climatic conditions responsible for eroding soil, fluctuating temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns. These aspects become more apparent when taking a closer look at the nature of Gambian agriculture.
It mixes low Food self-sufficiency thus suffers, forcing the country to spend its precious foreign currency, earned through cash crops, on importing basic goods, such as rice, to fill local bellies. But fluctuating exchange rates create uncertainty and contribute to inflation on the domestic food market, eroding local purchasing, according to the FAO. A foreign military intervention following his refusal to accept the outcome of the presential election in favour of Adama Barrow eventually forced Jammeh to flee for Equatorial Guinea from where he has been plotting his return.
In the meantime, he has been seen working as a farmer in Equatorial Guinea. Two volcanic islands and several smaller islets constitute this African country in the Gulf of Guinea. Portugal first colonized Sao Tome in the late s, using convicts and slaves from the African mainland to grow sugar as the archipelago emerged as the first plantation economy in the tropics during the 16th Century. In fact, by the early 20th Century, Sao Tome and Principe was briefly the largest producer of cocoa in the world, before a boycott over labour practices had its effect.
Portuguese control of the islands did not cease until independence in While a major land reform in the early s divided up 15 large plantation enterprises among small holders and medium-sized enterprises, agriculture remains relatively unproductive for a litany.
Sao Tome and Principe has fertile volcanic soils, but its lack of infrastructure and remoteness hamper access to markets and available labour. However, this story is not without its bright spots. He has previously taught political theory, international relations and Canadian politics at the University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus. Five gains COVID has conferred The pandemic has been devastating in many ways, but there have been some silver linings.
By Laura Neilson Bonikowsky. While it may seem unlikely that anything good could come from the pandemic, there are changes to celebrate. Some organizations find the arrangement successful enough that they are making it permanent. Working from home — a technological possibility for some time, but one employers were slow to adopt — became a necessity because of the pandemic. Although the sale was already being considered, it was impelled by the pandemic. Team productivity remains high and the situation has offered several efficiencies.
Cheryl Nichols, an executive assistant in a large Alberta organization that has embraced working remotely, points out that work flexibility also means people can remain in the office environment if they prefer, which affords more interaction with others, even physically distanced, and keeps work and home separate.
Nichols acknowledges that having staff working from home regularly could become permanent, but it will require much consideration and could yield cost savings. With remote work proving effective, it may become easier to make accommodations for workers with disabilities.
Some envision fewer meetings, less business travel and more online conferences. Certainly, many people would be glad to see the end of cubicle farms and the open office layout. Wilcox notes similarities with the Great Depression, when divorce rates also fell. When times get tough, he says, people lean on each other. He acknowledges that.
Meanwhile, Joy recalls that when schools closed and her daughter Sadie, 7, needed home-schooling, it was stressful while they figured it out. The other aspect of working from home is life at home.
But in November , the U. Census reported a decrease in divorces and marriages, trends that began before the pandemic. Statistics Canada has not released data for , but it reports pre-pandemic increases in police-reported family violence between and after steady declines between and University of Virginia professor Brad Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project, asserts that divorces actually declined during the pandemic, largely due to people being more cautious.
He notes that the Institute for Family Studies surveys indicate people have reported struggling through lockdowns, financial stress and diplomat and international canada.
For many, being at home has meant more focused time with children rather than frantic evenings of activities, homework and dinner. Candace Eng, a manager in the private sector in the Vancouver area, has seen her family grow closer. With everyone at home for school and work, her husband has been able to spend more time with their teenaged daughters without the distractions of friends and activities. Social media have been awash in memes about how people now realize that teaching is difficult.
Etsy reported a 64 per cent increase in searches for crafting supplies and tools, a per cent increase in searches for DIY kits and a jump of per cent in craft sales in the third quarter of Cleaner air.
Researchers compared actual readings with predictive models and determined global concentrations of nitrogen dioxide NO2 decreased nearly 20 per cent. Vehicles, power plants and industrial processes produce NO2, which is not a greenhouse gas. This highly reactive gas does cause haze, Researchers examined hourly data from 5, sites in 46 countries, learning that 50 of the 61 cities analyzed showed reductions of up to 50 per cent.
Carbon concentrations have also slowed. In China, carbon emissions dropped 25 per cent in March , representing metric tonnes of carbon dioxide CO2. Globally, CO2 emissions dropped 17 per cent by the end of November, according to the World Meteorological Organization, a reduction of between 4.
Science and medicine. Scientists around the world worked across borders with private and public backing, using super-computers and technologies not available to their predecessors, but drawing on past work to develop RNA vaccines.
These bits of RNA injected into the human body trigger the body to produce antibodies. Telemedicine — using technology to communicate — has proven its benefit. The evidence of how well telemedicine can be incorporated into routine medical care may become a boon for all patients, but particularly the elderly,.
Advice from governments and the World Health Organization has been inconsistent and contradictory, especially about the. Surgeon General Jerome Adams urges citizens to wear masks in public at a coronavirus briefing in April at the White House.
Mixed messages continued through the pandemic as officials educated themselves on the virus and the best ways to contain it. Conflicting information has fostered confusion and cynicism, spawning conspiracy theories that have been weaponized to destabilize trust in government and science. Timothy Caulfield, Canada research chair in health law and policy and a professor of law and public health at the University of Alberta, asserts that pandemic misinformation risks our trust in science.
The average three-month publishing timeframe was condensed to six days, resulting in a flood of retractions. Distress is the greater indicator.
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