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Mondaq uses cookies on this website. By using our website you agree to our use of cookies as set out in our Privacy Policy. The CFTC and the DOJ both now pursue enforcement actions against trading in commodities based on misappropriation of confidential information. Among the many changes resulting from the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of Dodd-Frank Act , one that has been slow to develop, but broad in its significance, is the assertion of authority by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission CFTC to police insider trading and misappropriation of confidential information in commodities markets.

As the primary regulator for derivatives across a wide range of markets, spanning agriculture, energy, interest rates, and beyond, the CFTC had limited authority to address insider trading throughout most of its history. Starting in , however, the agency began bringing enforcement actions against individuals and companies for trading based on misappropriation of confidential information. Since then, the CFTC has brought a series of actions that provide insight into the scope of its new authority, and it has devoted substantial resources to pursuing new cases.

Recent enforcement actions in and early have continued this trend. This article reviews the evolution of the CFTC’s insider trading enforcement authority, summarizes the agency’s recent cases, and highlights key developments, including the advent of “tipper” liability, the use of data analytics to identify potential misconduct, and the emergence of parallel criminal enforcement actions. Financial institutions and market participants should be aware that the CFTC – and now also the Department of Justice DOJ – will continue to be on the lookout for additional cases to pursue in this emerging area of enforcement.

Prior to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFTC had limited authority to police the use of nonpublic information in its markets, as the Commodity Exchange Act CEA included provisions prohibiting insider trading only with respect to misuse of information by the CFTC’s own personnel and those of the exchanges and self-regulatory organizations it oversees.

As the two agencies noted in a joint report in , the “securities markets are concerned with capital formation,” 2 and “securities laws are premised on a corporation’s duties to disclose material information to protect shareholders from corporate insiders who have access to non-public information.

By contrast, it has been a “primary purpose” of commodity derivatives markets to “facilitate the management and transfer of risk,” including by “permit[ting] hedgers to use their non-public material information to protect themselves against risks to their commodity positions,” which also enhances price discovery for all market participants.

Following the financial crisis of , Congress gave the CFTC broad new authority to regulate the vast swaps market in addition to futures, as well as new enforcement powers to apply across its markets.

This new authority led to two significant developments for insider trading enforcement in commodities. First, in the more heralded provision at the time, the Dodd-Frank Act expanded the narrow existing prohibition on insider trading to apply not only to misuse of information by personnel of the CFTC, self-regulatory organizations, and exchanges, but also to misuse of information from any federal government source.

This new provision targets government personnel who impart confidential government information “in [their] personal capacity and for personal gain with intent to assist another person, directly or indirectly, to use the information to enter into” trades, as well as persons who “knowingly use” such confidential information from a government employee that has been imparted in this manner.

In the years since its enactment, the CFTC has yet to base an enforcement action on this provision, but it remains an area of interest for future application and development. Second, in the change that has had greater impact to date, Section of the Dodd-Frank Act broadly prohibited fraud and manipulation “in connection with any swap, or a contract of sale of any commodity in interstate commerce, or for future delivery.

Under this theory, which has long been applied in the securities markets, fraud occurs when “a person misappropriates confidential information for Recent enforcement actions, as discussed below, cast light on the broad range of duties the CFTC considers when determining whether to pursue a charge based on misappropriation of confidential information.

To read the full article, please click here. As former CFTC Chair Heath Tarbert recently observed, “[w]hile insider stock trades harm market integrity and can produce conflicts of interest for corporate officers, derivatives regulations permit – and actually encourage – what is commonly viewed as insider trading.

When describing this prospective amendment to the CEA, then-CFTC Chair Gary Gensler told Congress, “[t]o protect our markets, we have recommended what we call the ‘Eddie Murphy’ rule to ban insider trading using nonpublic information misappropriated from a government source. This provision filled a legal gap highlighted by the film Trading Places, which involved a scheme to misappropriate information from a governmental source that arguably would not have been covered by the CEA at the time.

The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances. All Rights Reserved. Password Passwords are Case Sensitive. Forgot your password? Free, unlimited access to more than half a million articles one-article limit removed from the diverse perspectives of 5, leading law, accountancy and advisory firms.

We need this to enable us to match you with other users from the same organisation. It is also part of the information that we share to our content providers “Contributors” who contribute Content for free for your use. Learn More Accept. Finance and Banking. To print this article, all you need is to be registered or login on Mondaq. Limited Historical Authority Prior to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFTC had limited authority to police the use of nonpublic information in its markets, as the Commodity Exchange Act CEA included provisions prohibiting insider trading only with respect to misuse of information by the CFTC’s own personnel and those of the exchanges and self-regulatory organizations it oversees.

Broad New Powers After the Dodd-Frank Act Following the financial crisis of , Congress gave the CFTC broad new authority to regulate the vast swaps market in addition to futures, as well as new enforcement powers to apply across its markets.

Footnotes 1. United States v. O’Hagan , U. Douglas K. Sohom Datta. Cameron Jordan Sinsheimer. The owners of startups, VCs, and other businesses often make frequent use of term sheets, which are nonbinding agreements that provide an overview of the general terms and conditions for an. As reported late last year, the IRS announced in Notice that lenders are not required to, and should not, issue IRS Forms C when certain student loan debts are forgiven.

In many respects, these changes will likely be substantial, as we discussed in our recent installment of “The Bottom Line” series. The CFPB’s actions have drawn criticism from Republican lawmakers and business interests that argue the CFPB has misinterpreted federal law and overextended its authority.

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